What Is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)?
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidenced- based therapy approach developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in the 1980’s. Dr. Shapiro discovered that using eye movements and other forms of bilateral stimulation can help to access memories. The goal of EMDR is to utilize forms of bilateral stimulation (example, eye movement or tapping) to target the negative neural networks associated with a distressing concern or event and reprocess it towards a positive, more adaptive way of thinking and feeling. EMDR is a great standalone treatment and can also be used as a supplement to traditional talk therapy as it utilizes the brain’s natural abilities to help you heal and connects you to the body’s physical experiences and sensations.
What Is Bilateral Stimulation in EMDR Therapy?
Bilateral Stimulation (BLS) is a therapeutic sensory technique that uses a rhythm to stimulate both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously. These stimulations are most done in the form of visual and tactile, though other stimulations such as auditory exist as well. In EMDR, visual stimulations with the therapist may be done using eye movements where the therapist guides you to follow a moving target (such as their finger or light beam) from left to right. In tactile stimulations, you may be asked to tap your body (usually the biceps or lap) utilize tools such as tappers which are held in each hand and provide a vibrational sensation which the therapist can adjust both intensity and frequency of the tapper. It is believed that BLS helps to activate the prefrontal cortex by mimicking the REM stage of sleep. With the guidance of the therapist, distressing memories, thoughts or feelings can be revisited and re-processed. While the evidence strongly supports EMDR, some criticisms have called for further research into the efficacy and role of Bilateral Stimulation (BLS).
Who Is EMDR Therapy Right For?
EMDR is an effective and common treatment modality for those struggling with trauma, anxiety, panic and a variety of other mental health concerns. However, it is important to note that one of the key phases in preparing to engage in EMDR is stabilization and the ability for a client to successfully engage in affect management and grounding techniques. While the EMDR protocol does not require the client to recall the memory or distressing event in detail, revisiting a distressing memory, event or thought can create feelings of discomfort.
Therefore, it is important for a therapist to assess for readiness. Examples of common indications that a client may not be a candidate for EMDR include severe dissociation, active psychosis or current substance dependence.
What Is the EMDR Therapy Process? (8 Phases Explained)
The EMDR process is completed in 8 phases and the number of sessions needed often depends on the complexity of the issue you are presenting with. Phases include:
- Treatment Planning– The process begins with us gathering your history and creating a plan to address your presenting concerns.
- Preparation– During this phase we will work together to ensure that you have strategies for coping and determine if there are any considerations before we move into the next phase.
- Assessment– We will identify the event or concern that you would like to process and take measurements so that we can track the progress being made.
- Desensitization– In this phase, we will begin utilizing bilateral stimulation (eye movements or tapping) to help desensitize the concern and work towards reducing measurements of distress.
- Installation– In this phase we will utilize bilateral stimulation to help strengthen and reinforce the positive feelings or thoughts and work towards increasing measurements of validity.
- Body Scan– During this phase you will connect to any physical sensations to help process any lingering concerns.
- Closure– At this point we will utilize grounding techniques to return to a state of calm.
- Re-evaluation– Finally, we will review the concern to see if negative thoughts or feelings have been reduced and determine if positive associations are present. At this point, we will collaborate to determine how to proceed.
Can EMDR Therapy Be Done Virtually?
EMDR can be just as effectively done virtually as in person and may even have some advantages. Preparing to engage in EMDR work requires a safe and private environment which many can do in the comfort of their home. Being at home for some can mean access to items that signify safety, comfort and calm with no commute which may otherwise not be available in person.
If completing EMDR virtually it is important to consider the following:
- Scheduling: scheduling therapy at a time that allows for your attention and potentially a few moments after the session for self-care and reflection.
- Environment: setting yourself up in a private, safe, familiar space or room to ensure comfort and lack of disruption.
- Technology: ensuring that your internet connection and technology is efficient and effective allowing you to stay engaged in the session.
Important Considerations Before Starting EMDR
As you make the decision about EMDR, it is also important to understand that there may be some considerations. There are some reports of mild and temporary side effects such as impacts to sleep (commonly related to dreams), emotional reactions due to recalling difficult memories, thoughts, increased fatigue and some physical sensations (mild headaches).
The outcome and impact of EMDR is unique to the individual’s experience. This is why it is important to choose a therapist that is EMDR trained to ensure that they can assess and support you during your process.
How to Get Started with EMDR Therapy in Georgia
If you believe that EMDR would be the right fit for you, please feel free to schedule a session to further explore.
References:
EMDR Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols and Procedures by Francine Shapiro (for clinicians)
https://emdrconsulting.com/about/what-is-emdr/
https://www.traumatherapistinstitute.com/blog/The-Science-Behind-Bilateral-Stimulation
https://www.emdria.org/blog/the-eight-phases-of-emdr-therapy/
https://www.emdria.org/blog/online-emdr-tips-for-clients/
Resources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGiqBazdPGw
